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Histamine receptor type 3 was discovered in 1983 by Schwartz and coworkers and cloned in 1999. The expression of histamine receptor type 3 is largely confined to the central nervous system, where differential transcriptional and posttranscriptional processing lead to a high degree of molecular and functional heterogeneity. Histamine receptor type 3 has unique properties including constitutive activity in vivo and

Chédiak-Higashi syndrome is characterized by varying degrees of oculocutaneous albinism, recurrent infections, bleeding disorders and variable neurological involvement. It is a rare autosomal recessive disorder. The treatment consists of bone marrow transplantation, which corrects the immunologic and hematologic defects. Nevertheless, oculocutaneous and neurological changes persist. Untreated patients die as the result of bacterial infections or develop »accelerated phase« lymphoproliferation.

Diabetes is a common endocrine disorder. According to the data from the World Health Organization and the International Diabetes Federation, almost 250 million people are suffering from diabetes around the world, approximately 5 % of which need insulin immediately. They have diabetes mellitus type 1. Most patients with type 1 diabetes are young. The number of children with newly diagnosed

Epidemiological studies have shown that about 50% of children younger than 15 years have already experienced low back pain. In most cases, this can be attributed to either wearing overweight school backpacks or excessive sports activity on the one hand, as well as to forced sedentary position and inactivity on the other. If the pain is still present after a

Stroke is the primary cause of morbidity and disability throughout the world, mainly because of its effect on cognitive functions. After stroke, individuals can recover from physical disability, but might be unable to return to their previous occupation or independent living because of cognitive impairments. Cognitive dysfunction encompasses all deficits, which range from local ones resulting directly from the area

Functional anatomy of the liver is based on three-dimensional arrangement of four liver systems – portal, arterial, biliary and the system of hepatic veins. On the basis of the intrahepatic course and branching pattern of the systems, the liver is divided into the left and right hemiliver, four sections or eight segments. Each liver unit has its own portal pedicle,

BACKGROUNDS. Early detection of patients who are at risk for the development of a foot ulcer is crucial in the prevention of diabetic gangrene. The pathophysiology of diabetic foot ulceration is complex and its most important etiopathogenetic factors are neuropathy and impaired arterial blood supply. Systematic screening is necessary to identify patients at risk. Evaluation of sensory function is the